国际海底管理局适应性管理办法的推行及中国的应对

Adaptive management in ISA and China's response

适应性管理办法是国际海底管理局规章中新近兴起,有助于国际海底管理局在深海资源勘探和开发过程中进行"鲁棒式"决策的重要管理方式。此种环境管理办法的重要表征就是"改变",这种表征背后则意味着为承包者增加不可预测的风险和负担。中国是国际海底活动的重要参与者,无论作为合同承包者还是担保国,适应性管理办法是否推行以及如何推行将对中国产生切实而深远的影响,应对不当将可能使中国在国际海底区域的活动中处于被动地位,甚至承受不可估量的经济损失。鉴于此,从适应性管理办法的内涵和外延着手,分析国际海底管理局可能推行适应性管理办法的五种方式,最后提出中国相应的应对方案,使中国能够在深海规则的制定过程中主动参与,成为深海国际规则制定的引领者,拓展深海这块全球治理的"新疆域"。

Adaptive management, emerging recently along with the development of International Seabed Authority＇ s （ ISA） regulations, is a significant environmental management tool for robust decision-making in terms of exploration and exploitation of deep seabed mineral resources in international seabed area. One of its implications is adaptation to “change”,which means Contractors and sponsoring States will carry out unpredictable and risky responsibilities as soon as adaptive manage-ment is absorbed and implemented by ISA＇s regulations. Given the fact that China carrying both identities as Contractor and sponsoring State in the process of exploration and exploitation activities in international seabed area, whether or where or how adaptive management being implemented by ISA will have far reaching and profound impact on China. With unready and in-appropriate response, negative consequences and immeasurable losses may be triggered or suffered. Against this background, this paper will firstly present definition and scope of adaptive management. Then it is followed by an analysis on the possible approaches for ISA to implement adaptive management. Finally, the paper will discuss on China＇s potential responses.