国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源的定义及其法律地位探析

On the definition and the legal status of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction

联合国大会2015年2月13日通过了制定一个海洋法框架内的实施协议的决议,致力于保护和可持续利用国家管辖范围外生物多样性。这其中国家管辖范围外的海洋遗传资源保护与可持续利用问题是实施协议的重点内容。国家管辖范围外的海洋遗传资源的定义以及法律地位问题是保护与可持续利用的先决问题,在这个问题上发达国家与发展中国家之间分歧较大。明确了海洋遗传资源的定义,并从海洋遗传资源的物的属性出发,从实体物和信息两个维度界定海洋遗传资源的法律地位,以期为现在焦灼的谈判另辟蹊径,同时兼顾海洋遗传资源保护与可持续利用的公平与效率。

In February 13, 2015, the United Nations General Assembly had passed a resolution to formulate the third imple- mentation agreement which dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Conservation and sustainable use of marine genetic resources is one of the most important part of this a- greement. Development countries and developing counties have different views on the definition and the legal status of the marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction which is the preliminary issue of their conservation and sustain-able use. In addition to the clear definition of the marine genetic resources, the article defines the legal status of the marine genetic resources from two dimensions of entity and information. The article is trying to explore a possible way to settle the differences between developed and developing counties and balance fairness and efficiency.