本地区小儿急性呼吸道感染病原体分布特征研究

Respiratory pathogen distribution characteristics in children with acute respiratory disease

目的分析该地区小儿呼吸道感染病原体分布特征。方法对2011年1月至2014年12月接受治疗的28 600例急性呼吸道疾病患儿9种呼吸道感染病原体间接免疫荧光法检测结果进行分析,包括感染患儿的时间、季节、性别及年龄分布特征。结果 28 600例患儿中,检出病原体感染患儿12 162例,其中单一病原体感染7 704例(63.34%),2种及以上病原体合并感染4 458例(36.66%)。急性呼吸道感染病原体感染患儿在不同时间、季节、性别及年龄的分布情况比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同一病原体在不同时间的感染率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);相同时间内,肺炎支原体(MP)感染率最高;除MP、乙型流感病原体(IFB)感染率呈逐年上升趋势外,其余病原体感染率均呈逐年下降趋势。除嗜肺军团菌外,MP、Q热立克次体(COX)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲型流感病毒(IFA)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)、副流感病毒(PIVs)感染率在不同季节的分布比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿急性呼吸道感染病原体分布与性别、年龄及季节变化有关。呼吸道感染病原体九联检可快速进行病原体检测,对疾病诊断及治疗药物选择有一定的指导意义。

Objective To investigate the respiratory pathogen distribution characteristics in children with acute respiratory dis ease（ARD）. Methods Distribution of respiratory pathogen in 28 600 children with ARD, treated from January 2011 to December 2014 in this hospital？ were analyzed. Results Among the 28 600 children, 12 162 cases were pathogen positive,including 7 704 cases （63. 34%） with single pathogen infection and 4 458 cases（36. 66%） with more than two kinds of pathogens infection. Time, sea-son,sex and age distribution of pathogen infection were with statistical difference（P〈0. 05）. There was significant difference in in-fection rate of pathogens between different time（P〈0. 05）. Infection rate of Mycoplasmal pneumonia（MP） was the highest,and the infection rate of MP and influenza B virus（IFB） increased year by year. Except Legionella pneumophila（LP） ,the season distribution of infection rate of MP,Coxiella burneti（COX） ,Chlamydia pneumoniae（CP） ,adenovirusCADV） , respiratory syncytial virus（RSV） , influenza A virus（IFA） ,IFB and parainfluenza virus（PIVs） were with statistical difference（P〈0. 05）. The infection rate of MP and IFB were higher in the whole year. Conclusion Distribution of respiratory pathogen in children with ARD might be related with the changes of gender,age and season. Detection of respiratory infection pathogen could be with guiding value for clinical diagnosis and drug selection.