湘学称谓的历史变迁及其内涵

Historical Changes and Connotations in the Appellation of Xiangxue

湘学作为有明显地域特征的思想学术概念,主要有古代和近代两个兴盛的时期。古代的湘学,是由理学的集大成者朱熹"命名"的,之后在整个南宋时代被彻底"叫红",知识界几乎无人不知。朱熹所说的"湘学",意义非常明确,范围也相当固定,就是指由胡安国开创、被胡宏"做大"的湖湘学派。近代的湘学和湖湘学派的观念主要是梁启超、李肖聃等提出来的,意义已不限于单纯的"理学",主要目标也从"心性内在修养"转向了外在的经世致用。

Xiangxue is an intellectual and academic concept that has strong regional features, appearing at the heights of both the ancient and pre-modern periods. Ancient Xiangxue, first identified and named by Zhu Xi, was well known among scholars of the Southern Song dynasty. Zhu Xi referred to Xiangxue as the Huxiang School of Confucianism, which was initiated by Hu Anguo and promoted by Hu Hong. The concept of pre-modern Xiangxue or the pre-modern Huxiang School of Confucian Studies was proposed by Liang Qichao and Li Xiaodan. Pre-modern Xiangxue was no longer limited to Neo-Confucianism and its major aims extended from the internal self-cultivation to humanistic pragmatism.