基于Phoenics的教室火灾模拟研究

Research on fire simulation based on phoenics classroom

通过建立单间教室的内部模型,并依据实际设置火灾火源,应用Phoenics软件对教室内火灾引发的烟气流动进行了数值仿真分析。根据模拟数据,分析了教室发生火灾时的烟气传播方式、能见度变化以及温度的分布规律。结果表明:温度、能见度对人员疏散起决定性作用,烟气浓度对人员疏散影响不大;在火灾发生后180 s内,教室内的能见度在10 m以上,教室内部温度也低于60℃,而火灾发生180 s后,教室内的能见度开始降低,温度也开始升高,此时已经严重影响人员的疏散,教室内人员应在火灾发生后180 s内完成疏散;火灾发生过程中,对于同一高度不同测点的位置,距离火源越近,烟气浓度大,温度上升越快,教室前门的平均温度均高于后门,从温度上考虑,教室后门更有利于人员的疏散。

Through building an internal model in a single classroom, setting source of ignition in accordance with practical situation, phoenics is applied to conduct a numerical simulation analysis on smoke movement caused by fire in classroom. Based on simulated data, spreading way of smoke, change of visibility and regularity of temperature distribution are analyzed. The result illustrates that： temperature and visibility play an decisive role in personnel evacuating and there is a little influence of smoke concentration on personnel evacuating; within 180 s after fire, visibility in classroom is more than 10 m and temperature in classroom is lower than 60 ℃, while after 180 s, visibility in classroom begins to reduce and temperature begins to rise, which seriously influences personnel evacuating, and therefore, illustrates that people in classroom should evacuate within 180s after fire; during the process of fire, as for different measure points of the same height, the closer with fire source they are, the stronger the smoke concentration is, which results in faster rise in temperature; the average temperature in front door of classroom is higher than that in back door, which demonstrates that, considering temperature, back door of classroom is more favorable for personnel evacuating.