上备田河小流域不同林分类型固土保水能力

Soil and Water Conservation of Different Stand Types in Shangbeitian River Watershed

以江西上犹县上备田河小流域连续8年的监测数据为基础,分析比较针阔混交林、湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林和宜林荒山荒地(对照)5种不同林分类型的固土保水能力及其与降雨量、降雨强度、径流量和含沙量等因子的关系。结果表明:(1)各类型的径流量与土壤侵蚀量均呈逐年下降趋势,其针阔混交林年平均下降率最大,分别为7.4%和22.5%,变化最小的均为宜林荒山荒地。(2)年均径流量与年均土壤侵蚀量均表现为宜林荒山荒地>马尾松林>杉木林>湿地松林>针阔混交林;针阔混交林与宜林荒山荒地的径流量差异显著(P<0.05);针阔混交林、湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林与宜林荒山荒地的土壤侵蚀量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),针阔混交林与湿地松林、杉木林、马尾松林的土壤侵蚀量差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)不同类型的土壤侵蚀量与降雨量、降雨强度均呈显著或极显著相关,降雨量、降雨强度对宜林荒山荒地土壤侵蚀量的影响程度最大,对针阔混交林的影响最小。

Based on 8 consecutive years, monitoring data ol Shangbeitian River Watershed located in Shangyou County ol Jiangxi Province, the soil and water conservation capacity ol five stand types ol conifer- broadleal lorest,Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, Pinus elliottii plantation, Pinus massoniana lorest and barren hill and wasteland and its correlation with rainlall, rainlall intensity, runoll, sediment concentration and other lactors were analyzed and compared.The results showed as lollows：（1）The runoll and soil erosion concen-tration ol various types decreased year by year.The average annual runoll and soil erosion concentration ol coni- ler-broadleal lorest were the biggest in the above types, the maximums were 7.4% and 22.5%.And those ol barren hill and wasteland were the smallest ;（2） The annual average runoll and soil erosion concentration presented the order as barren hill and wasteland〉Pinus massoniana lorest〉 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation〉Pinus el- HottH plantation〉 coni{^i-hioa. dl^a.i lorest.The difference in runoff between coniler-broadleal forest and barren hill and wasteland was signilicant（ P 〈0.05）.The soil erosion concentration ol coniler-broadleal forest, Pinus elliottii plantation, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana forest was significantly different lrom the soil erosion concentration ol barren hill and wasteland（ P 〈0.05）.The soil erosion concentration ol coniler-broadleal forest was significantly different from the soil erosion concentration ol Pinus elliottii planta-tion, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Pinus massoniana lorest（ P〈0.05） .（3）The soil erosion ol dif-ferent types was significantly correlated with rainfall and rainfall intensity.Rainlall and rainfall intensity had the largest effect on the soil erosion ol barren hill and wasteland and had the least effect on the soil erosion ol coniler-broadleal forest.