遥感影像与GIS一体化的公路改建项目环境影响评价方法

A Method for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Reconstruction Project Based on Remote Sensing Image and GIS

以途经包头和巴彦淖尔2区的内蒙古某改建公路为研究对象,采用遥感影像与GIS一体化技术,从包头和巴彦淖尔2个区植被、地貌、风力、土壤等主要生态因子进行研究,分析了生态环境受到人为扰动后,从地表侵蚀的敏感性,生态的稳定性、生态环境变化强度和人为活动干扰性等。结果表明:在评价技术相同时,区划尺度不同,评价结果有差异,尺度范围在2 km内,尺度评价结果更可取。2014年,包头、巴彦淖尔这2个区域25km范围不稳定性指数分别为76.61、2.74,2 km范围内分别为75.75、4.39。通过实践论证,采用遥感与GIS技术,评价分析了内蒙古包头和巴彦淖尔这2个区的公路修建生态环境影响,提供了一种新的公路修建项目生态环境影响评价方法,为今后公路修建环境评价提供参考。

In this study,Baotou and Bayannaoer of Inner Mongolia Highway Rebuilding was used as the research object,using the integrated technology of remote sensing and GIS,the main ecological factors,such as vegetation,landform,wind and soil of Baotou and 2 districts of Bayannaoer were investegated,the ecological environment under human disturbance was analyzed,induding the sensitivity of surface erosion,ecological stability,ecological environment change intensity,human disturbance etc.The results showed that with the same evaluation technique,the evaluation results differed with scales,with the scale range within 2 km,and the evaluation results were more desirable.In 2014,in Baotou,and Bayannaoer the 25 km instability indexes were 76.61 and 2.74,and those in the range of 2 km were 75.75 and 4.39.Based on practice and argumentation,using remote sensing and GIS technology,the impact of highway construction on the ecological environment in Baotou and Bayannaoer,was evaluated and analyzed providing the evaluation method for the ecological environmental impact of new highway construction projects and a reference for future highway construction environmental assessment.