论古典时期的英国国防经济思想

Study on Development of British Defense Economics in the Classical Period

随着重商主义的推行,英国商品经济得到迅速发展,英国也成为当时资本主义最为发达的国家。为充分反映英国资产阶级产业资本的利益和要求,古典时期的英国政治经济学研究范围开始从流通领域转入生产领域。当时古典经济学家尽管没有专门的国防经济学论著,但都有着自己的国防经济思想和观点,这些思想和观点都散落在其经济学著作中。通过对威廉·配第、亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图等具有代表性的英国古典经济学家的经济思想的研究,从国防与经济、国防开支水平、战费的筹措以及军事人力体制等方面,对这一时期的国防经济思想进行了概括和总结,为当今国防经济研究的发展提供借鉴。

With the implementation of Mercantilism, the commodity economy in British got a rapid development; the UK had become the most developed capitalist country. In order to fully reflect the interests and requirements of the British bourgeois industrial capital, the scope of the British political economy in the classical period begun to shift from the circulation field to the production field. At that time, although the classical economists did not have a special defense economics works, but they had their own defense economic ideas, these ideas were scattered in their economic writings. Based on the study of economic thought of representative British classical economists, such as William Petty, Adam Smith and David Ricardo, this article analyzes these ideas on defense economics from national defense and economy, the level of defense spending, the cost of the war and military manpower system, and sums up the general, in order to provide the reference for the development defense economics research nowadays.