汽轮机高背压供热方案探讨

Discussion on Heat Supply Scheme of High Back-pressure Steam Turbine

发电设备年利用小时数走低、热电矛盾的现状,和节能减排、上大压小的国策下,火电企业已面临盈亏临界,甚至生存危机。抽凝或纯凝式汽轮机切换为高背压式供热的新技术为火电行业注入生机。以两台200 MW汽轮发电机组为例,提出利用冷源损失提高供热能力的高背压方案、高背压和背压组合方案、背压方案,并从技术、经济两方面剖析、论证三种方案均可行,且高背压供热优于背压供热。为已建或新建火电机组消除冷源损失实施高背压技术,在制定设计方案和明确各种方案的优先次序时提供借鉴。首次提出研发汽轮机低压转子集成工况模块的理念,通过模块调整和切换实现汽轮机抽凝或纯凝工况、高背压工况、背压工况高效运行的市场需求。

Coal-fired power plants are facing the break-even point, even survival crisis due to short availability hours, contradictory status of heating and power generation , energy saving and emission reduction as well as the policy of favoring large scale enterprises. The switching technology of condensing or straight condensing turbine to high back pressure heat supply brings new vigor and vitality into coal-fred power generation enterprises. Based on case study of two 200 MW turbine generation units, this paper puts forward the following three schemes： high back pressure scheme to increase heat supply capacity by utilizing loss of turbine cooling source, combined scheme of high back-pressure and back pressure, and back pressure. Through economic and technological analysis, it is concluded that all the three schemes are feasible and the high back pressure scheme is superior to back pressure heat supply. This offers reference for existing and new coal-？red turbine units to reduce loss of turbine cooling source and adopt back pressure technology. Besides, it helps to make design schemes and identify order of precedence of these schemes. This paper proposes for the first time to develop integrated modules for low pressure turbine rotor under various conditions. Through adjustment and replacement of modules, market demand for high-effciency operation of steam turbine under extract-condensing or straight condensing, high back pressure and back pressure conditions can be satisfied.