花序花期喷水对“西拉”葡萄果实品质的影响

Relationship Between Inflorescence Water-spray at Flowering Stage and Quality of 'Syrah' Grape

"西拉"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)果穗紧密,果粒挤压变形严重,内部果粒着色差,果实成熟期病害严重,品质难以保证。葡萄开花期连续降雨可导致坐果降低,通过试验模拟葡萄开花期降雨,可以一定程度上降低葡萄坐果率,达到疏松果穗的目的。试验以"西拉"葡萄为试材,设置葡萄开花前期、后期和整个花期3个喷水处理,每天喷一次水,在葡萄果实膨大期调查坐果率;葡萄成熟后调查葡萄发病率,测定葡萄还原糖、总酸、总酚、总单宁、总花色苷、单体花色苷、单体酚类含量。结果表明:花期喷水能提高葡萄浆果品质,且受喷水次数与时期影响较大。整个花期每天喷一次水,"西拉"葡萄品质表现最佳,开花后期喷水比前期喷水的葡萄浆果品质更好。因此,建议在葡萄管理中,若开花期天气连续晴朗,可以通过花序喷水疏松葡萄果穗,提升葡萄品质。

＇Syrah＇ （Vitis vinifera L. ）,with a tight cluster,is serious deformation by extrusion,has a poor coloring in internal fruit and is susceptible to disease. Therefore, the fruit quality is difficult to be guaranteed. It can be lead to a lower fruit set at flowering time if encountering continuous rain. Simulating the rainfall at grape flowering period can be used to reduce the fruit setting rate and achieve the purpose of loosing cluster. In this study, ＇Syrah＇ grape was used as test material,grape inflorescence was watered once a day in early flower time （PS1）, later flower time （PS2） and entire flower time （PS3）. Fruit setting rates, disease incidence, content of sugar, total acid, total phenol, total tannin, total anthocyanin, monomer anthocyanin, monomer phenolic were investigated. The results showed that grape quality could be improved by inflorescence water-spray and could be influenced by the numbers of water-spray. The best quality ＇Syrah＇ was appeared in PS3 and inflorescence water-spray relative to the early inflorescence water-spray grape quality was better. Therefore ,we suggest inflorescence water-spray could be used to improve berry quality when having less rainfall at flowering time.