论巴基斯坦府院关系的变迁与发展(1988～2015年)

Power Transition and Development between the President and the Premier in Pakistan( 1988-2015)

巴基斯坦总统府和以总理为首的内阁在1988~2015年间的互动关系——表面上看是任何国家都存在的宪法框架下的府院关系之争,实际上则是巴基斯坦特殊的文武关系的外在体现,亦即巴基斯坦军方和文职民选政府的关系。1988年齐亚·哈克将军遇难身故之后,巴基斯坦迎来了第二次民主发展进程。不断变迁的府院关系,实际上体现的是脆弱的政党政治和强势的军人干政,这仍是巴基斯坦国内政治的最大特点——脆弱的政党政治,有赖于特有的家族政治来维系;强势的军人干政,则仍然是巴基斯坦军方最大的政治惯性和冲动。

Political interaction between the President and the Premier in Pakistan in 1988-2015 involves the civil-military relationship.On one hand,it's the power struggle between the President and the Premier in Pakistan;on the other hand,it's the power transition between the civilian officials and the Pakistan Army.Pakistan has a long history of military intervention,and several previous wars left a huge legacy to this fragile nation-state.After Gen.Zia-ul-Haq died in 1988,second democratic process started in Pakistan.Fragile party politics and powerful military intervention is still the most profound characteristic in Pakistan.This factor directly affected the political stability and political development in Pakistan.