2014-2015年麻疹病毒感染患儿的临床特征研究

Clinical characteristics of children with measles virus infection in a hospital in 2014-2015

目的通过对某院门诊及住院儿童麻疹病毒感染情况的调查,分析感染相关因素及预防措施。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2015年12月于某院就诊的疑似感染麻疹病毒的儿童268例,分析患儿的一般资料,并对疑似麻疹病例血清标本进行采集,经酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测患儿麻疹病毒IgM。结果268例疑似麻疹患儿检出MV IgM抗体阳性120例,阳性率为44.8%;两年MV IgM抗体阳性检出率差异无统计学意义;根据季度不同发现,麻疹病毒感染各季度均有发生,第二季度MV感染患儿较多,为发病高峰期,MV阳性检出率可达49.3%,第三季度及第四季度MV阳性检出率较低;按照月份不同,发现发病高峰期集中于4~6月份,与季节分布一致;按照年龄分布,疑似麻疹病毒感染患儿集中于1~3岁,7~14岁年龄较少,但阳性检出率最高的年龄段集中在0~1岁,高达60.0%,根据年龄的增长MV阳性检出率逐渐降低;按照民族分布,汉族所占人数最多,阳性检出率为49.3%,少数民族阳性检出率低,为28.8%。结论患儿麻疹病毒感染在临床上应注重婴幼儿麻疹病毒感染的预防,继续做好适龄儿童的基础免疫工作,通过合理预防接种来有效预防麻疹暴发流行。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of measles virus infection in outpatient department children and hospitalized children and analyze the related factors for the infections so as to put forward the prevention measures.METHODS A total of 268 children with suspected measles virus infection who were treated in a hospital from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The baseline data of the children were analyzed,the serum specimens were collected from the children with suspected measles virus infection,and the IgM of measles virus was detected by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.RESULTS The MV IgM was detected positive in 120 of 268 children with suspected measles virus infection,with the positive rate 44.8%,and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of MV IgM antibody between 2014 and 2015.The measles virus infection was prewlence in all the quarters,the second quarter was the peak of MV infection,and the positive detection of MV was as high as 49.3%;the positive rate of detection of MV was relatively low in the third and fourth quarter.According to the distribution of months,the peak of outbreak of MV infection ranged between April and June,which was consistent with the distribution of quarters.According to the age distribution,the children aged between 1 and 3 years were the major population who had the suspected measles virus infection,followed by the children aged between 7 and 14 years old,however,the positive rate of detection was the highest in the children aged between 0 and 1 year old;the positive rate of detection of MV was gradually decreased with the age.According to the ethnic distribution,the positive rate of detection of MV was 49.3% in Han Chinese population,28.8% in ethnic minorities.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the hospital to focus on the prevention of the measles virus infection in infants,continue to conduct the basic immunization work for the school-age children,and effectively prevent the outbreak and prevalence of measles through reasonable vaccination.