失效模式和效果分析模式干预医院保洁人员血源性职业暴露的效果分析

Effect analysis of FMEA mode intervention in the cleaning staff′s occupational exposure to blood

目的探讨失效模式和效果分析(FMEA)模式在干预医院保洁人员血源性职业暴露发生的效果分析。方法应用FMEA模式,成立FMEA小组,分别于2013年、2015年调查81名医院保洁人员的血源性职业暴露的操作环节和次数,课题组工作人员根据收集资料应用FMEA,列出保洁人员血源性职业暴露失效模式,计算出血源性职业暴露风险优先指数RPN,根据调查结果提出改进措施,由课题组成员组织保洁人员进行培训并负责督促措施落实。结果应用FMEA模式前(2013年)81名保洁人员血源性职业暴露次数为16人次,应用FMEA模式后(2015年)81名保洁人员血源性职业暴露次数为7人次,应用FMEA模式前后保洁人员血源性职业暴露发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用FMEA模式,保洁人员在工作中血源性职业暴露次数明显减少,感染血源性传播疾病的风险降低,很好地保障保洁人员自身安全。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of failure mode and effect analysis （FMEA） model on the occurrence of blood induced occupational exposure in cleaning staff.METHODS Using the FMEA model,the FMEA team was established to investigate the operational links and frequency of blood hygiene occupational exposure of 81 cleaning staff in 2013 and 2015 respectively.Based on the data collected by the research staff,FMEA was applied to list the failure mode of the health expulsion of the cleaning staff,calculate the index of the health exposure risk,put forward measures to improve the conditions according to the survey results and offer necessary training to the cleaning staff as well as ensure its implementation.RESULTS Before the application of FMEA model（2013）,the number of occupational exposures of 81 cleaning staff was 16,and after the application of FMEA model （2015）,the number of blood-borne occupational exposures in 81 cleaning staff was 7.The incidence of blood-induced occupational exposure had significant difference（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION With the application of FMEA model,the number of blood occupational exposure for cleaning staff is significantly reduced,and the risk of infection with blood borne diseases is also reduced.Thus,the security of cleaning staff is improved.