西北民族地区村庄权力结构下的乡村精英与乡村治理能力研究——对甘青宁三省民族村的考察

Village in northwestern national regions under the power structure of rural elite and rural governance capability—— An Investigation of Ethnic Villages in Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia

国家治理根在基层,因此必须充分重视农村社会治理能力,而西北民族地区特殊的社会历史背景更需要具有针对性的治理模式。本研究通过对甘青宁三省区部分民族村的实地考察,发现乡村治理能力在村庄权力结构下,形成了"宗教力量、宗族权威和村委会"三种力量相互影响的民族村的基本政治格局,也相应地形成了乡村精英,他们作为乡村治理的代表性人物,对乡村社会的各种资源具有较强的整合能力,深刻地影响乡村的治理机制和治理能力。因此,如何保持村两委的主导作用,引导乡村精英协同参与乡村治理过程,进而提高民族地区乡村治理能力,将成为今后提高民族地区乡村治理能力的主要的路径选择。

At the grassroots governance root,must therefore be placed the rural social governance capabilities to the position of a be full attention,and the special social and historical background of the area need more targeted governance mode.This study through the on-the-spot investigation of Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia three provinces and regions of ethnic village,found that rural governance ability under the deconstruction of village power structure,formed a'religious power,the clan authority,and the village committee'three force influenced the basic political pattern of ethnic village,also the formation of the corresponding representative organizations of rural elite,they as representative of rural governance,of all kinds of resources in rural society has a strong ability of integration,the profound impact of the rural governance mechanism and governance capability,therefore,how to keep leading role of'two village committees',standardization guide rural elite participation in rural governance process,and improve the ability of rural governance in national regions,will be the main path selection to raise the capacity of rural governance in ethnic minority areas in the future.