从保守主义民主理论到宪法工程学——乔万尼·萨托利的主要著述及其学术贡献

From Conservatism Theory of Democracy to Constitutional Engineering——Giovanni Sartori's Major Works and Their Academic Contributions

乔万尼·萨托利是20世纪最有影响力的政治学者之一,他贡献了《政党与政党体制》《民主新论》《比较宪法工程学》等杰出作品。作为当代政党理论的集大成者,他不仅提供了一个新的政党体制类型学,而且阐明了政党体制跟民主稳定性之间的关系。萨托利是当代民主理论的代表人物,在20世纪后半叶重申了保守主义民主理论的基本主张。他认为,唯有恪守古典自由观、政治现实主义原则和精英主义民主理论,才能更好地保卫现代民主制度。最近三十年间,萨托利还在政治学新制度主义与宪法工程学研究领域做出了重要贡献。他不仅对选举制度、立法和行政关系等宪法性制度安排的分析见解深刻,而且还提出了关于民主宪法设计的新主张。尽管萨托利的不少观点充满争议,但他的政党理论、保守主义民主理论和宪法工程学研究给今日世界政治留下了重要的政治理论遗产。

Giovanni Sartori was one of the most influential political scientist in the twentieth century,acknowledged for many outstanding publications such as Parties and Party Systems(1976),The Theory of Democracy Revisited(1987),and Comparative Constitutional Engineering(1994).As a master of contemporary political party theory,Sartori provided a new typology of party systems and clarified the relationship between party systems and democratic stability.Sartori,also a distinguished scholar on the theory of democracy,reiterated the main proposition of conservatism theory of democracy in the latter half of the twentieth century and argued that modern democratic regimes are only defendable on the premise of classical liberty,the principle of political realism and the elitist theory of democracy.The last three decades saw Sartori's important contribution to the area of new political institutionalism and constitutional engineering.He was not only insightful in the analysis of constitutional design like electoral systems and legislative-executive relations,but also put forward a new proposition on the democratic institutional design.Although many of Sartori's arguments were controversial,his political party theory,conservatism theory of democracy and constitutional engineering research left an important political theoretical legacy to today's world politics.