天蚕蛹的营养成分含量及氨基酸组成分析

Analysis on Nutrientional Content and Amino Acid Composition of Antheraea yamamai Pupa

为了评价天蚕蛹作为昆虫食品的营养价值,采用常规生化分析方法测定天蚕蛹的营养成分,并与柞蚕蛹的营养成分及氨基酸组成进行比较。天蚕蛹和柞蚕蛹的粗蛋白质质量分数分别为18.20%、12.90%,二者的氨基酸组成一致,均含有人体所需的18种氨基酸,氨基酸总质量分数分别为18.26%和9.75%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸总质量分数分别为7.79%和4.13%,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为77.16和73.11。天蚕蛹和柞蚕蛹的粗脂肪质量分数分别为6.43%、7.80%,二者的不饱和脂肪酸所占比率较高;2种蚕蛹均含有多种人体不可缺少的矿物质元素和维生素,其中天蚕蛹中锌的质量比高达71μg/g。综合分析认为,天蚕蛹的氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO推荐的蛋白质理想模式,属于优质蛋白质资源,其粗蛋白质含量、氨基酸总量及人体必需氨基酸总量均高于柞蚕蛹,并且含有多种不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质及维生素,是营养价值较高的昆虫食品。

In order to evaluate the nutritional value of Antheraea yamamai pupa as insect-derived food,conventional biochemical analysis was conducted to determine nutritional components of Antheraea yamamai pupa,which were compared with those of Antheraea pernyi pupa.The mass fraction of crude protein in Antheraea yamamai pupa and Antheraea pernyi pupa was 18.20%and 12.90%respectively.The amino acid composition of both pupae was the same.Both pupae contained 18 kinds of amino acids needed by human body.The mass fraction of amino acid in Antheraea yamamai pupa and Antheraea pernyi pupa was 18.26%and 9.75%respectively.The total amino acid contents of the 8amino acids essential to human was 7.79%and 4.13%respectively.The essential amino acid index（EAAI）was 77.16and 73.11 respectively.The mass fraction of crude fat in Antheraea yamamai pupa and Antheraea pernyi pupa was6.43%and 7.80%respectively,and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in both pupae was relatively high.Both pupae contained a variety of essential mineral elements and vitamins,among which the mass ratio of zinc in Antheraea yamamai pupa was up to 71μg/g.It is concluded that the amino acid composition of Antheraea yamamai pupa is in accordance with the ideal protein pattern recommended by FAO/WHO.Antheraea yamamai pupa is an excellent protein resource.Its crude protein content,total amino acid content and total essential amino acid content are all higher than that of Antheraea yamamai pupa.Moreover,it contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids,minerals and vitamins,being a kind of insect-derived food with high nutritional value.