从“纲纪”到“理性”——论伏尔泰《中国孤儿》中的社会政治伦理

From “Discipline” to “Reason”:On the Social Political Ethics in Voltaire's The Orphan of China

18世纪法国思想巨擘伏尔泰的"理性"是一种能识别"假""恶"和"真""善"的能力;伏尔泰将其作为一种社会政治伦理,呼吁人们崇尚理性与文明,反对神权和野蛮,因此成为法国大革命的一份"酵母"。"理性"是伏尔泰提倡的社会政治伦理之重要理论支撑,为此他借用中国元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》的故事创作《中国孤儿》表达的正是这种理性:文明必然战胜野蛮,"真""善"必然战胜"假""恶"。《赵氏孤儿》中的"纲纪"伦理是伏尔泰借以宣扬理性政治伦理的"本文";此本文的选择是伏尔泰对中国政治论理的推崇所致。

As a great thinker of France in the 18th century, Voltaire＇s ＂reason＂ is an ability to distinguish ＂good＂ from ＂bad＂, ＂truth＂ from ＂falsehood＂. Voltaire regarded it as a kind of social political ethics, calling people to advocate reason and civilization as well as to oppose theocracy and barbarism. Therefore, it became the ＂yeast＂ of the French Revolution. ＂Reason＂ is the important basis of his social political ethics, and he created The Orphan of China based on the Chinese Zaju The Orphan of Zhao in the Yuan Dynasty to express the ＂reason＂ that civilization is bound to defeat barbarism as ＂truth＂ and ＂good＂ are bound to defeat ＂falsehood＂ and ＂bad＂. Voltaire used ＂discipline＂ in The Orphan of Zhao as the ＂text＂ to advocate his rational political ethics. The text is chosen due to Voltaire＇s favor for Chinese political ethics.