农民工与城镇职工工资的动态趋同及其结构差异

Wage Assimilation and Its Structural Differences of Rural Migrants in China

近年来,农民工工资与城镇职工工资趋同,但同化速度较慢。分区域结构看,中西部地区工资同化速度较快,东部地区工资同化速度最慢,中西部地区的相对劳动力成本优势并不如想象中的显著,其产业同样面临转型和升级压力;分行业结构看,制造业工资差距大且同化速度较慢,东部地区制造业工资成本的上涨压力主要来自于城镇职工工资的上涨。综合来看,就业人员所在企业的性质差异、农民工就业结构的高度固化、农民工区域结构的变动延缓了农民工工资向城镇职工工资的动态趋同。只是企业性质差异对东部地区工资同化速度的影响较小,私营企业内部农民工与城镇职工工资差距不断扩大是导致其同化速度较慢的又一因素。而户籍是私营企业内部就业人员的主要差异,这表明户籍改革对短期流动性较强的农民工而言,其实际影响尚且有限。

There is wage assimilation between rural migrants and urban workers, but assimilation rate is slow. And as- similation rate of Midwest is faster than eastern region. The labor cost advantage in Midwest is not remarkable, its in- dustry is also facing the pressure of transformation and upgrading. The wage gap of manufacturing industry is large and its assimilation rate is slow, and the rising cost of manufacturing in the eastern region mainly comes from the ris- ing wages of urban workers. Difference of enterprise property, highly invariant industrial structure and regional struc- ture of rural migrants are the main factors which cause the assimilation rate slow. But difference of enterprise property has little effect on eastern region. The widening wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers in private en- terprises leads to slower assimilation rate of eastern region. And this widening wage gap is mainly because of the dif- ference of household registration difference, which shows that the household registration reform has a limited impact on the short-term mobility of migrant workers.