《日本政记》中的天皇论——皇权的“名”与“实”

The Understanding of the Mikado in Nihon Seiki——The Mikado's Real Power and Nominal Power

赖山阳在《日本政记》中评述了107代天皇的生平事迹及政治得失,藉此建构了其史学中的天皇论。天皇权力包括宗教权威、文化影响和政治权力三个要素。在上述三种功能"名"与"实"的交互作用下,虽然天皇在一定的历史时期几乎丧失了政权方面的统治力,但这并未影响天皇地位的存续。赖氏天皇论有务实态度、复古倾向及妥协平衡三个特点。基于这种对天皇制的考量,赖山阳的理论一方面对倒幕维新运动起到了推动作用,一方面与极端国家主义产生联系。

Rai-Sanyo described the life of Mikado of one hundred and seven generations in the book of Nihon Seiki, and he commented on the gains and losses of Mikado＇s politics. Rai-Sanyo described and evaluated the Mikado＇s rule from three aspects： religious authority, cultural influence and political power. Under the interaction of the three factors mentioned above, although Mikado almost lost power in certain historical period, this has not affected the existence of the Mikado. Sanyo＇s theory includes three particularities： pragmatic attitude, retro doctrine and compromise-balance. Based on this consideration of the Mikado System, on the one hand Rai-Sanyo＇s theory played an important role in the movement of overthrowing the Shogunate, but on the other hand it led to the phenomenon that the Mikado need not take political responsibility.