资源依赖视角下公办与民办社会工作机构比较研究——以北京市R、Y机构为案例

The Comparative Case Research of Official and Private Social Work Agency from the Perspective of Resource Dependence: Taking R Social Work Agency and Y Social Work Agency as Cases

随着社会治理的进一步深化,社会工作机构作为一种社会治理的参与主体得以迅速发展,并且呈现出多样化的发展态势。笔者将社会工作机构划分为公办社会工作机构与民办社会工作机构两大类。以资源依赖理论为理论基础,对北京市的R社会工作机构和Y社会工作机构进行研究,发现R社会工作机构的业务主管单位存在过度管理的现象,且机构所需资源来源渠道单一,主要依赖政府提供支持,这造成R社会工作机构缺乏独立性与自主性。R社会工作机构有政府资源作为保障,在对待服务的专业性提升时表现出消极被动的态度。相比之下,Y社会工作机构受政府的控制相对较少,资源来源渠道也更为多样化,业务主管单位只对Y社会工作机构提供业务指导和支持,所以Y社会工作机构具有较强的独立性和自主性。Y社会工作机构由于没有政府的资源保障,其必须依靠提供更专业的社会工作服务来获取更多资源。作为业务主管单位和指导单位的政府部门需进一步弱化对机构事务的干涉、支配和控制,两类社会工作机构还需进一步拓宽资源来源渠道,实现资源来源的多元化,从而实现社会工作机构的独立自主发展,为社会提供更优质的社会服务。

With further development of public administration, social work agencies, as an important role in this process, have gained much momentum and taken on diversified development forms. This paper classifies social work agencies into official ones and private ones. The cases the author focuses on in this paper are two social work agencies in Beijing: R, an official agency and Y, a private one. R is short of adequate independence due to much interference from governing departments, lack of various source channels and overindependence on local governments; Y achieves more autonomy as it receives less control from government. As an executive and mentor of Social work agency, the government needs to weaken the dominance,interference and control of institutional affairs.And two kinds of social work agencies need to further broaden the channels of resources, realize the diversification of resources, so as to realize the independent development of social work agencies, to provide better social services for the society.