新疆维吾尔自治区皮山县绿洲景观格局变化及驱动力分析

Landscape pattern changes and its driving factors in Pishan Oasis,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

文中探讨皮山县绿洲景观格局近25年的时空变化状况和绿洲时空变化的主要驱动因素。基于1991-2015年不同时期的Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像数据和基础地理数据,在RS技术的支持下对皮山县绿洲进行了土地利用信息提取。在此基础上,借助景观生态学的理论与方法,结合水文和气象数据分析了皮山县绿洲24年来的生态环境变化状况,并探索导致其变化的原因。结果表明,24年间皮山县绿洲面积增加了410.3km^2,耕地和城乡建设用地面积的增加最为明显,增加面积分别达412.71km^2和48.96km^2,草地、水域和林地均出现面积减少。耕地破碎度减少,城乡建设用地破碎度先减少后增加。皮山县绿洲景观格局变化受人为因素的影响远大于自然因素的影响,这体现在城乡建设用地动态度的增加和耕地破碎度的下降。

The purpose of the study is to investigate the status of spatiotemporal change of landscape patterns and its driving factors in Pishan County oasis in nearly 25 years. Land use information was extracted with the support of RS technology and based on Landsat TM / ETM ＋ / OLI remote sensing data and basic geographic data in Pishan County Oasis during different periods of 1991 -2015. On this basis, the changes of ecological environ- ment situation were analyzed with the theories and methods of landscape ecology combined with hydrological and meteorological, also the cause of the change were explored in nearly 25 years in Pishan County Oasis. The results indicated that total oasis area increased 410.3km2 , arable land and urban - rural construction area increased most significantly , arable land area increased 412.71kin2 and urban - rural construction area increased 48. 96kin2 respectively during 24a in Pishan County oasis. Areas grassland, water and woodland all appeared decrea- sing trends. The fragmentation rate of arable land was reduced. The fragmentation of urban - rural construction land were reduced in the first study period and then increased. The human factor that impacted on the changes of landscape pattern was much greater than the impact of natural factors in Pishan county oasis, which is reflected in the increase of urban - rural construction land and decrease of fragmentation in arable land.