粮食主产区小麦生态效率及降污潜力研究——基于藏粮于田的视角

Wheat ecological efficiency and pollution reducing potential of major grain production areas

以小麦生产为研究对象,运用无径向无角度的SBM-DEA模型对2004-2013年15个粮食主产区在粮田污染限制条件下的生态效率进行了测算。结果表明:小麦生态效率从2004年开始不断下降,到2012年出现拐点,逐步上升,东北区域生态效率最优,其次是中西部区域,最后是黄淮海区域和南方区域;投入产出无效率分析表明不降低小麦单产前提下,可以减少劳动力投入61.69%、农药投入41.16%和化肥投入28.35%,以及可以降低粮田污染残留53.83%。从区域差异来看中西部最高的化肥投入无效率,南方区域最高的农药投入无效率;污染物残留在南方区域最高,其次黄淮海区域。减污潜力最大的是在黄淮海区域和中西部的新疆地区。

We measured the wheat production ecological efficiency in cropland pollution limits based on SBM - DEA model by using panel data of districts and counties from 2004 to 2013. Results showed that ecological effi- ciency continued to decline from 2004 to 2012, then gradually rising. Ecological efficiency of northeast region was the best, followed by midwest region, the Huang - Huai - Hal region and the southern region. Input - output efficiency analysis showed that it could reduce labor input of 61.69%, pesticide input 41.16% and fertilizer in- put 28.35%, and reduce the grain pollution residue 53.83% under the premise that wheat unit yield was not re- duced. For the regional differences, fertilizer input inefficiency was the highest in central and western regions, pesticide input inefficiency was the highest in southern region; the pollutant residue was the highest in southern area, followed by the Huang - Huai - Hal region. Pollution reduction potential was greatest in Huang - Huai - Hai region and the Midwest area of Xinjiang.