基于利益相关者的自然保护区生态旅游健康度评价方法

Method for evaluation of nature reserve ecotourism's health degree based on stakeholders

自然保护区生态旅游的利益相关者包括游客、当地居民、政府、保护区管理部门、景区经营者、景区工作人员、周边其他景区等,他们对保护区生态旅游的健康发展具有重要的作用。文中以利益相关者理论为指导,界定了自然保护区生态旅游健康度的概念,并以此为基础,构建了包括横向组成结构、纵向发展阶段、现状动态特征和综合协调能力四个维度16个方向58个指标的评价体系。通过问卷调查让多主体参与到每个指标的评价,然后再综合各方评价意见,获得每个指标的评价结果,再由指标-方向-维度-总体逐级综合,获得最终总体评价结果。通过白石砬子、海棠山、医巫闾山三个自然保护区生态旅游的实证研究,结果显示:目前,白石砬子与医巫闾山自然保护区的生态旅游健康度为"亚健康",还有很大的改进空间;海棠山自然保护区的生态旅游是"不健康",亟需改进。经过实践检验证明文中构建的多维度多主体自然保护区生态旅游健康度评价方法是一种有效的科学研究方法。

Nature reserve ecotourism stakeholders including tourists, local residents, government, reserve man- agement department, scenic area operators, staff, and other scenic spots around, and so on, they play an impor- tant role on reserving the healthy development of ecotourism. Based on stakeholder theory, we defined the con- cept of the nature reserve ecotourism health degree, and constructed a evaluation system including four dimen- sions, 16 direction and 58 indexes. Through the questionnaire survey, more subjects were selected to participate in the evaluation of each index, and then the overall evaluation results were calculated. Using the above meth- ods, the three national nature reserve ecotourism health degree in Liaoning province were evaluated. The evalua- tion results show that the nature reserve ecotourism health of Baishilazi and Yiwulushan is in a state of sub - health and there is plenty of room for improvement ; Haitangshan nature reserve ecotourism is in unhealthy state, and needs to be improved. The research conclusion is that the method is scientific and effective.