有轨电车制动能量回收系统控制策略的研究

Research on control strategy of the tram braking energy recovery system

针对有轨电车现有的制动方式存在能量回收利用率低、制动效果差、系统抗干扰能力差、回收方式单一等问题,通过对制动方式、能量回收、能量存储、能量传输等方面进行了研究,针对现有制动方式的缺陷进行改进,设计了有轨电车制动能量回收系统。该系统采用超级电容作为能量存储器,利用超级电容充电时间短、放电电流大的特性,从根本上克服了传统制动电阻发热量大、能效低的问题。该系统回收能量通过DC/DC变换器向同一线路其他有轨电车提供能量,也可通过DC/AC逆变器向其他辅助系统提供能量,较传统制动方式在系统的稳定性、可靠性以及回收效率有极大地提高。MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验结果表明,此系统通过对制动能量的回收,有效提高了有轨电车的能量利用率和局部电网的负载容量及稳定性,并且该系统操作简单,寿命长,具有较好的应用和推广价值。

Now that the present tramcar braking method shows out many problems, such as low energy recovery rate, poor braking effect, bad anti-jamming ability and single recovery way, we studied the braking method, energy recovery, energy transfer and storage, improved present tramcar braking method, redesigned tramcar braking energy recycling system. This system uses super capacitors as energy storage, taking advantage of short charging time and large current discharge of super capacitor, fundamentally overcoming the traditional braking resistor issues like large heat release and low energy efficiency. The recovery energy of this system can provide energy to other tramcars on the same line by DC/DC converter and can also provide energy to other auxiliary systems through DC/AC inverter, which greatly improves the stability, reliability and recovery efficiency of the system. Matlab/Simulink Simulation results show that this system through the recovery of braking energy, improving energy efficiency of the tramcars and load capacity and stability of local power grid. The system has the features of simple operation, long service life and also has a good application and popularization value.