定量免疫分析技术的应用现状与展望

Current status and prospects of quantitative immunoassay technologies

定量免疫分析技术是临床实验室常用的定量检测方法。依据示踪物以及分离方式的改变，定量免疫分析技术主要形成了放射免疫、荧光免疫、酶免疫、化学发光、胶体金、免疫比浊和均相免疫分析等几个重要分支。不同的免疫分析技术有着各自的特点，适用于不同的临床检测应用。本文分析了常规的几种定量免疫分析技术，并对各种方法的优缺点和应用价值进行了评价，以期能为临床检验技术的应用及发展提供参考。

Quantitative immunoassay technique is the common method of quantitative detection in clinical laboratory. Several important branches of quantitative immunoassay were formed by changing the tracer or the Antigen-antibody complex separation method, including radioimmunoassay, fluorescent immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, chemiluminescence, colloidal gold, immuno-turbidimetric analysis and homogeneous immunoassay. Different immunoassay techniques have their own characteristics, also apply to different detecting conditions in clinic. This paper reviewed several common kinds of quantitative immunoassay technology, and discussed both their advantages and disadvantages, which provide reference for the application and development of clinical testing technology.