基于主体功能区视角下新疆民生质量的区域差异及影响因素

Regional differences and influencing factors of the quality of Xinjiang people's livelihood based on the major function zones

主体功能区定位决定区域的发展方向和重点,各类型区逐步实现公共服务均等化,民生质量发展表现出一定的区域差异。本文基于新疆主体功能区规划和民生发展实际状况构建民生质量评价指标体系,运用熵值法计算2005年和2014年各主体功能类型区的民生质量,并结合差异贡献率动态分析各类型区民生差异的影响因素。结果表明:(1)各类型区民生质量存在显著差异,重点开发区最优,重点生态功能区最低;尤其是收入与消费、文化与教育和生态与环境方面水平差距日益拉大。(2)各类型区民生质量发展侧重点各有不同,在文化与教育方面呈现水平共同下滑趋势。(3)各因素对于影响类型区民生质量差异的作用效果不同,收入、消费、交通设施、信息化、医疗卫生和生态平衡水平等成为拉大民生差距的主要因素。(4)收入消费水平和交通设施水平对拉大类型区民生质量差距的强度最为突出,生态平衡水平和信息化水平对拉大差距的程度逐渐加强,社会保障水平和教育水平对缩小差距的作用最强。基于上述分析,对缩小新疆主体功能区民生发展差距,保障基本公共服务均等化提出相应对策建议。

Different functional positions in functional zones lead to the differences in development directions and focuses, and the quality of life also shows differences. Based on the main functional zoning planning pro- gram and the actual situation of life development in Xinjiang, the evaluation index system about the quality of life was constructed with 5 sub-systems including income and consumption, living and trips, culture and educa- tion, safety and security, and ecologic and environment. Then, the quality of life in 87 counties in Xinjiang was calculated in 2005 and in 2014, and the influencing factors of the differences among different counties were dis- cussed. The results show as follows： （1） There were differences of quality of life among different functional zones. The comprehensive quality of life in the key development zones was the best, and its gap with the other functional areas was becoming bigger over time. （2） Different functional zones showed differences in develop- ment directions and focuses： the residential and travel quality in the Key development zones enhanced the fastest, the safety and security quality in the major agricultural production regions increased obviously, and the residen- tial and travel quality in the key ecological functional zones enhanced the most. （3） The effects of different fac- tors on the quality of life in the affected area were different. Income level, consumption level, traffic infrastruc- ture level, information level, medical level and ecological greening level became the pull force to enlarge the gap of quality of life in different zones. （4） Income level of consumption and transportation travel conditions were the dominant factors. However, the influencing factors in the major function zones were changing, where the in- come level of consumption to the information level and ecological environment level became more and more im- portant. （5） The influences of social security and education level on the differences were less. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to narrow the gap among functional areas. Limitation development zone should narrow the income gap by accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competi- tive. By increasing the efficiency of urbanization and focusing more invested funds of infrastructure in the limita- tion development zones, travel conditions in limitation development zones will be improved. Limitation develop- ment zone on ecological should ensure steady improvement of the quality of life by adhering to the main function of development and exploring the ecology long-term mechanism of compensation which is not to develop econo- my at the cost of destroying and pollute the ecology. What＇ s more, the proportion of aiding funds to education in Xinjiang should be increased, and the poverty alleviation work should pay more attention to education and strengthen bilingual and skills training to lift the limit cultural and educational level in the restricted functional zones.