208名内科患者使用药品说明书情况问卷调查与对策研究

Questionnaire survey and countermeasure research on the use of drug instruction in 208 internal medicine patients

【目的】规范厂家药品说明书的内容,科学指导患者合理安全用药,有效降低药品不良反应/事件。【方法】采用方便整群抽样方法,对某三级综合医院208名成年内科住院患者开展问卷调查,主要调查患者对药品说明书中适应证、禁忌证、不良反应等24项内容的关注度,统计数据进行χ~2检验;随机抽样450份药品说明书,对说明书内容存在的问题缺陷进行统计描述。【结果】18~59岁和60岁以上两个年龄组的患者均对药品说明书的用法用量、有效期、适应证、不良反应、注意事项、禁忌证、药品名称关注度较高,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);18~59岁内科患者对药品过量、性状、警示语、儿童用药、孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药的关注度高于60岁以上内科患者,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);药品说明书中标注不全问题主要涉及药品的禁忌证、注意事项、不良反应、药物相互作用、孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药、老年用药、儿童用药等8项内容。【结论】首诊医师应科学指导患者正确使用药品说明书,老年患者应尽可能选用说明书内容齐全的药品,药政部门应进一步规范药品说明书内容,以保证患者用药安全。

[Objective] To normalize the content of manufacturer instructions, scientifically guide the patients to reasonable and safe drug use and effectively reduce the adverse drug reactions/incidents. [ Methods] By the convenient cluster sampling method, 208 adult patients in the department of internal medicine from a certain third-tier general hospital were investigated via questionnaires mainly on patients＇ attention to 24 items of drug instruction, such as indications, eontraindications and adverse reactions. The statistical data were analyzed by X~ test. A total of 450 pieces of drug instructions were randomly sampled and the problems in the content of instructions were described statistically. [Results] The awareness on the usage and dosage of drug specifications, validity, indications, adverse reactions, precautions, contraindications and drug name in the two groups （18 to 59 years old and over 60 years old） was high, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups （P〉O.05）. The awareness on drug overdose, characters, warnings and medicine for children, pregnant women and nursing mothers in the patients between 18 to 59 years old was higher than that in the patients over 60 years old, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups （P〈O.O1 or P〈0.05）. There were 8 items of partially- marked problems in drug instructions, including contraindications, precautions, adverse reactions, drug interaction and drug use for pregnant women, nursing mothers, the elderly and children. [ Conclusion ] To ensure the safety of drug use in patients, the first clinical physician should scientifically guide patients to the correct use of drug instructions; elderly patients should choose the drugs with content-rich instruction as far as possible; drug administration departments should further normalize the content of drug instructions.