护士知觉压力及其应对方式的相关研究

Correlation between perceived stress of nurses and its coping styles

目的了解护士知觉压力现状及应对方式,探索知觉压力与应对方式的相关性,为帮助护士缓解压力提供理论依据。方法采用目的抽样法,通过压力知觉量表、应对方式问卷对6家三级甲等综合医院600名在职注册护士进行问卷调查。结果护士知觉压力总分为(27.20±5.67),>25分(健康危险压力界值),属于压力过大;知觉压力在学历和是否独生子女水平上得分差异有显著统计学意义;应对方式条目均分排序为解决问题(0.73±0.186)、求助(0.62±0.225)、幻想(0.62±0.225)、合理化(0.49±0.216)、退避(0.47±0.253)、自责(0.37±0.268),以成熟型应对方式为主;知觉压力与解决问题(r=-0.147,P=0.001)、求助(r=-0.107,P=0.017)、幻想(r=-0.107,P=0.017)呈负相关,与退避(r=0.154,P=0.001)、自责(r=0.128,P=0.004)及合理化(r=0.116,P=0.010)呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论护士承受着极大的压力,管理部门应高度重视,通过改变相关因素及帮助护士提高自我效能,积极应对,得以改善护士身心健康,保证护理质量。

Objective： To understand nurses＇ perceived stress status and coping styles and explore the correlation of per- ceived stress and coping styles, and provide the theoretical the basis to help nurses to relieve stress. Methods：The purposive sampling method was adopted, through the perceived stress scale, coping styles questionnaire survey of 600 serving registered nurses in six of first-class comprehensive hospitals was done. Results ： The perceived stress score was （27.20 ± 5.67）, more than 25 points （ health risk pressure boundary values）, pressure level was very high ; Perceived stress in degree and whether significant statistical significance was found between the single-child level ; The order of the entry of the average score of coping style was solving the problem （0.73 ±0. 186 ）, seeking help （ 0.62 ± 0. 225 ）, fantasy （ 0.62± 0. 225 ）, rationalization （0.49 ±0. 216） , the retreat（0.47±0. 253） , and self-accusation（0.37 ±0. 268）. The nurses mainly had mature coping styles; Perceived stress had negative correlation of problem solving（ r = -0. 147, P = 0. 001 ） , seeking help（ r = -0. 107, P = 0. 017）, and fantasy（r = - 0. 107, P = 0. 017 ）, while escape （ r = 0. 154, P = 0. 001 ）, serf-accusation （ r = 0. 128, P = 0. 004） and rationalization（ r = 0. 116, P = 0. 010 ） were positively correlated （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion ： Nurses are under intense pressure, and management departments should attach great importance to it by changing the relative factors and helping nurses to improve self-efficacy and physical and mental health, and be positive to cope with problems, and ensure the quality of nursing.