转型期城市制造业空间重构过程与机理——以南京市为例

Economic transition and restructuring of manufacturing spaces in urban China:The evidence from Nanjing

伴随经济转型的全球化、市场化和分权化过程是中国城市空间重构的重要力量。以南京市为例,基于2001年基本单位普查和2008年第二次经济普查资料,并借助空间分析、Binary Logistic模型与空间自相关模型等研究方法,深入探讨转型期中国城市内部制造业空间的重构过程,并分别从企业退出与进入两个方面对其影响因素进行解释。研究发现,南京市制造业空间呈现不断郊区化趋势,并在外围形成专业化集中分布区,表现为"大分散、小集中"的分布形式;特别是主要开发园区成为制造业重新集聚的重要载体,并与干线公路等共同构成"点轴式"制造业空间格局。统计结果进一步显示,外资参与程度与产业外向度等全球化指标能有效促进制造业在郊区的集聚,但是并未促进老城区的企业退出;城市土地价格、非公有制经济发展水平等市场化因子,以及开发区和城区等地方分权虚拟变量,则显著影响了城市内部制造业企业的空间退出与再集聚过程。

China has undergone substantial industrial and spatial restructuring since the economic transition. The triple process of globalization, marketization and decentralization has a significant influence on the restructuring of manufacturing spaces in urban China. Using the data from the basic unit survey and second economic census conducted in 2001 and 2008 respectively, we investigated the restructuring process of the manufacturing spaces in Nanjing. The result implies that with the suburbanization of the manufactures, multiple specialized areas emerged in the outskirt of Nanjing. In particular, the development zones gradually became the major base of those manufacturing firms. And a hub-and-spoke pattern has also been detected with the development of traffic infrastructures and the construction of the development zones in Nanjing. Employing the binary logistic model and spatial autocorrelation models （SLM/SEM）, we also found that the global factors of foreign investment and the export degree of industries, the market factors encompassing the urban land price and the development of non-state/ collective enterprises, as well as two dummy variables of development zones and city center indicating the force of decentralization have highly significant impact on the failure/migration and re-agglomeration of manufacturing firms in Nanjing, together with other locations, industrial, and regional factors including the distance to the highway, distance to the airport, pollution intensive, hi-tech intensive, land supply, and density of roads.