肿瘤外泌体的生物学特性及其临床应用的研究进展

Biological characteristics and clinical application of tumor-associated exosomes

目的肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体(tumor-derived exosomes,TDEs)中包含蛋白质、脂质和核酸等多种组分,能够参与细胞间的信息交流,从而调节肿瘤发生、血管生成、侵袭和转移等,为癌症的诊断提供了丰富的肿瘤生物标志物分子源。同时,也有越来越多的研究将TDEs及其加工修饰产物作为一种新的癌症疫苗和药物递送载体用于癌症的治疗。本研究总结国内外对TDEs在肿瘤诊断和治疗研究中的应用现状。方法检索PubMed及CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"外泌体、肿瘤、生物标记物和治疗"为关键词,检索2006-01-2016-10关于外泌体研究的文献,共检索英文文献569篇,中文文献79篇。纳入标准:(1)TDEs的生物学功能;(2)TDEs作为作为肿瘤生物标记物的应用研究;(3)TDEs作为肿瘤治疗靶点的研究。根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献54篇。结果 TDEs作为细胞之间信息交流的载体,具有调节肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移等的生物学功能。TDEs中包含丰富的肿瘤标志分子,TDEs及其加工修饰产物可作为一种新的癌症疫苗和药物递送载体用于疾病的治疗。结论 TDEs可以成为肿瘤诊治的理想靶点,但在临床应用方面仍有很多问题需要解决。

OBJECTIVE TDEs contain proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and other components that can participate in the exchange of information between cells to regulate tumorigenesis,angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis,which provides a rich tumor biomarker molecular sources for the diagnosis of cancer.Simultaneously,TDEs have been shown to be potent anticancer vaccines and drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment.The objective of this study was to summarize the current status of tumor-derived exosomes（TDEs）in tumor diagnosis and therapy at home and abroad.METHODS Application of Pubmed and CNKI periodical full-text database retrieval system were searched with ＂exosomes,tumors,biomarkers and therapy＂as keywords,from 2006 to 2016,and 569 English literatures and 79 Chinese literatures were got.Including criteria：The biological function of TDEs;The application of TDEs as tumor biomarkers;The studies of TDEs as therapeutic target.A total of fifty-four literatures were include.RESULTS TDEs,as communication vehicles between cells,have biological functions of regulating tumorigenesis,invasion and metastasis.TDEs are rich in tumor marker molecules,and TDEs and their modified products can be used as a cell free vaccine and drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of cancer.CONCLUSION TDEs can be used as ideal targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment,but there are still many problems to be solved in clinical application.