基于坐姿分析的座椅舒适度测试与评价

Seat comfort test and evaluation based on sitting posture analyses

人们的很多生产生活活动是在坐姿下完成的,因此研究坐姿舒适度有很重要的意义。坐姿舒适度在座椅的设计中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而对座椅舒适度的研究也逐渐偏重对坐姿舒适度的评价。人性化座椅的设计必须满足舒适度高的要求,以达到人体舒适坐姿的需求。针对坐姿舒适度评价,采用经典的光学动作捕捉技术和问卷调查相结合的方法对坐姿舒适度进行科学评价。实验选用美国Motion Analysis光学动作捕捉系统,设置11个Eagle数字捕捉镜头,用EVaRT软件获取了40名志愿者人体关键点在空间中的点位数据,采用PCA主成分分析提取特征点的方法提取关键点,用MATLAB软件自主编程对关键点数据进行处理和计算,比较测试者坐在2种不同座椅上的关节角度和力矩数据差异。统计结果表明,志愿者采用不同的姿势坐在不同的座椅上时,躯干、大腿、膝盖部位的角度和力矩数据差异较为明显。结合人机工程理论,利用这些数据差异对坐姿进行分析,为座椅设计提供理论依据。这种人机工程学理论分析评价和问卷调查相结合的方法,为座椅的舒适度评价提供了有效的依据。

Many of the productive and daily activities of people are done in the sitting position,so it is important to study posture comfort.As sitting comfort in the seat design plays a more and more important role,the studies of the seat comfort gradually transform into the evaluation of sitting comfort.In order to achieve the demand of the human body comfortable sitting posture,the design of humanized seat must ensure that its comfort level as high as possible.With the purpose of improving the seat comfort which provided to the body,there had been much previous research on measurements of comfort and discomfort in sitting,sitting posture features extraction analysis was an important issue in the product design.In view of the sitting comfort evaluation,the method which integrated classical optical motion capture technology and new investigation methods in real environment.In the experiments,Motion Analysis Eagle Digital System was used tocapture the body motion of 40 participants,and obtained the human body each joint point in the space.During the 11 Eagle cameras setup was completed,a self developed MATLAB program to analysis and calculate the data captured was used.Some particular features were obtained by principal component analysis（PCA）.Moreover,the distinct difference between ergo chair and standard chair on the joint angle and the torque was obtained.After checking all the angles＇and torques＇appearance,based on the theory of ergonomics,the angles of the trunk,thighs,knees were identified as important features for sitting posture recognition.It provides a theoretical basis for seat design.The results showed that this digital evaluation of sitting posture method integrates Chair Study Questionnaire,which provides an effective method to evaluate the comfort of the seat.