医疗信息记忆的选择性及群体差异研究

Study on Selectivity and Group Differences of Medical Information Recollection

目的:探讨个体接受医疗信息是否存在选择性以及群体间的差异,为临床医患沟通提供参考。方法:便利选择医学类本科大一学生、大二学生、住院患者、住院患者家属、普通大众5个群体各20人为研究对象,在播放医患手术前谈话视频后,要求被试尽可能回忆并写下视频中的信息(7大类63个项目),用内容分析法进行编码和SPSS软件对数据进行分析。结果:群体内部和不同群体间信息的回忆率存在差异。在5个群体中,家属群体对信息的遗忘率最高(27%),对手术材料相关信息关注度最高(70%)。患者群体对签字类信息回忆率较高(85%),医学生对"手术风险"的回忆率最高(100%),不同群体对并发症概率信息回忆率均较高(30%),而大众群体的回忆率接近于家属。结论:不同群体对医疗信息的记忆具有一定的选择性及差异性,了解患者及家属的需求和特点,有助于进行有针对性的沟通、加强人文关怀、落实知情同意、帮助患者及家属了解手术相关信息和做出正确决策。

Objective： This study aimed to investigate in-group and out-group differences in selective recollection of medical information to provide reference to clinical doctor-patient communication. Methods： Medical college freshman, medical college sophomore, patients, patients＇ family members and ordinary people were selected as study subjects using convenient sampling method. The subjects were asked to watch videos about pre-operation conversation first, and then encouraged to recollect and write down the information in the videos （7categories and 63 items）. Information were coded by content analysis and data was analyzed by SPSS. Results： The recall rate of information was different in different groups and also in inter group. Among five groups, the family member Group represented the highest forgetting rate （27%）. The highest recall rates were the information related with sur- gery materials （ 70% ） in family member group, signature-related information （ 85% ） in patient group and risks of surgery （ 100% ） in student group. The recall rate of complication probability information was higher （ 30% ） in every group. And the recall rate of the ordinary people was close to the family members. Conclusion： Selectivity recall in medical information were noticed in groups with different backgrounds. We should be aware of the needs and characteristics of patients and their families, carry out targeted commu- nication, and strengthen human care, implement informed consent to help the patients and their family to gain a better understand- ing of surgery related information and make right decisions.