水足迹视角下黑龙江省粮食生产用水分析

Analysis of Water Utilization in Grain Production from Water Footprint Perspective in Heilongjiang Province

运用水足迹理论,计算黑龙江省各地区2007—2012年的粮食水足迹,分析其粮食作物用水情况。结果表明:黑龙江省粮食生产用水量巨大,粮食作物灌溉用水量存在逐年增加的趋势,用于粮食生产的灌溉用水量占黑龙江省水资源消耗量的绝大多数。黑龙江省各地区的粮食水足迹在空间分布上存在显著差异,大体上呈东北部高,西南部低的趋势;粮食蓝水足迹明显低于绿水足迹,粮食生产对绿水的依赖度较高。黑龙江省粮食水足迹整体上小于单产需水量,部分地区粮食作物生产过程中缺水现象严重。空间自相关分析显示,黑龙江省2007—2012年的粮食绿水足迹和蓝水足迹均存在相似值之间的空间聚集性。黑龙江省农垦总局的粮食产量较高,但粮食蓝水足迹比例较高,粮食生产比较依赖灌溉水资源,水资源消耗量较大。由于2009年粮食作物单位面积产量显著降低,使得2007—2012年被分成2007—2008年和2009—2012年2个不同的时期,粮食水足迹在2个时期均存在逐年降低的趋势,粮食生产的用水效率逐年升高。

In order to provide decision-making references for the allocation of available water resources in Heilongjiang Province,water footprint theory was used to calculate the grain water footprint during2007—2012 in different areas of Heilongjiang Province,and the water utilization of food crops was analyzed in Heilongjiang Province during 2007—2012.The results showed that water consumption of grain production was huge,which was increased instantly over the years in Heilongjiang Province.Grain water footprint was less than the water requirement for per unit yield in different areas of Heilongjiang Province,and water shortage was serious in the process of grain crop production in some areas.Through spatial autocorrelation analysis,it showed that the grain green water footprint and the grain blue water footprint of Heilongjiang Province in 2007—2012 both had spatial clustering between similar values.The grain yield of Heilongjiang Farms Land Reclamation Administration was high,but the ratio of grain blue water footprint was also high,and the grain production was more dependent on irrigation water resources,the water consumption was great.There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of grain water footprint in different areas of Heilongjiang Province,which was generally high in the northeast and low in the southwest.In the six years,the average grain water footprints were 1.15 m-3/kg,1.01 m-3/kg,1.32 m-3/kg,1.04 m-3/kg,0.91 m-3/kg and 0.83 m-3/kg,respectively.The blue water footprint of grain was significantly lower than that of the green water footprint in Heilongjiang Province,and grain production was highly dependent on the green water resources.In the six years,the average grain blue water footprint ratios were 33.91%,31.68%,25.76%,29.81%,32.97% and 33.73%,respectively.Due to the significant reduction of grain yield per unit area in 2009,the years of 2007—2012 was divided into two distinct periods of 2007—2008 and 2009—2012.The grain water footprint hadthe trend of decreasing year by year during the two periods,and the water use efficiency of grain production in the two periods were increased year by year.From the perspective of grain water footprint,the situation of water use in grain production in different areas of Heilongjiang Province was discussed.It can effectively reflect the grain crop production and water resources utilization efficiency,and provide technical support for the water management in grain production in Heilongjiang Province.