鱼道水沙特性的数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of the Characteristics of Water and Sediment in Fishway

鱼道是一种重要的生态补偿工程,以往研究的重点主要集中在水力学要素对鱼类通过效果及鱼类适应度的影响方面。针对泥沙在池室中可能造成的水流含沙量增高及淤积面积扩大进而影响过鱼效率和鱼道运行寿命这一关键问题,通过数值模拟方法,对不同泥沙粒径和来流流量组合情况下的池室水流含沙量变化及池底泥沙淤积分布进行了模拟计算,并在此基础上给出了解决上述问题的途径。可为在具有一定含沙特征的河流上建设更为长效的鱼道设施提供数据支撑。

Fishway is an important ecological compensation project. Previous studies have focused on the impact of hydraulics on fish- passing effects and fish fitness. In this study, for the key problems that the raise of sediment concentration and the enlargement of sedi- mentation area affect fish-passing efficiency and service life of fishway in ponds, based on the numerical simulation method, the varia- tion of sediment concentration and the sedimentation distribution of sediment at the bottom of the pond were analyzed under the com- bined conditions of different diameter of sediment particle and inflow. On this basis, the way to solve the above problems was given. The result will provide data support for the construction of more efficient fish-passing facilities on rivers with sediment concentration.