创业者的失败经历、失败反应与失败学习——基于浙、鄂两省的实证研究

Entrepreneurs' Failure Experience,Their Reaction to Failure and Learning from Failure

本文旨在考察创业者过去的失败经历以及失败后的反应对失败学习的影响。研究对象是有过创业失败经历的小微企业主,共收回147份有效问卷。实证结果显示,创业者不同的失败经历会导致不同程度的失败反应和失败学习。过多(过重)或过少(过轻)的失败均不利于失败学习,适度的失败才是最佳学习情景;创业者经历的失败次数越多越倾向于把失败归咎于内因,创业者经历的失败程度越高越倾向于把失败归咎于外因;而失败归因又会影响学习过程的有效性,两者之间的关系受到失败次数的调节作用影响,即当创业者经历较少失败次数时,内部归因与失败学习正相关;而当创业者经历较多失败次数时,内部归因与失败学习负相关。

his paper focuses on the influence of entrepreneurs＇ previous failure experience and their post-failure reaction to learning from failure. The research objects are those micro business owners who have experienced business failures. We have a total of 147 valid questionnaires. The empirical results show that different failure experience will lead to different degree of reaction to failure and learning from failure. Too much or too little failures are not good for learning from failure. Modest failure is the best condition for learning. The number of entrepreneurs＇ previous failure（s） will be positively associated with their internal attribution of failure. The extent of entrepre- neurs＇ previous failure（s） will be negatively associated with their internal attribution of failure. The attribution of failure will affect the effectiveness of learning process. The relationship between them is moderated by the number of failures. Specifically, ventures by entrepreneurs who have experienced a small number of failures, will learn much more with higher levels of internal attribution; ventures by entrepreneurs who have experienced a large number of failures, will learn much less with higher levels of internal attribution.