冗余如何转化为公司创业?——资源拼凑和机会识别的双元式中介路径研究

How Organizational Slack Drive Corporate Entrepreneurship:The Ambidextrous Mediating Pathways of Resource Bricolage and Opportunity Recognition

组织冗余是否以及如何驱动公司创业是战略学者讨论的热点议题。本文基于创业过程中机会内/外生的动态平衡视角,认为创造性的资源拼凑和手持资源的机会搜寻是沉寂的组织冗余转化为公司创业的双元式中介路径过程。2015年7—10月间对广东、北京和湖北共336家企业进行问卷调查并对数据进行结构方程建模发现:(1)企业的未吸收冗余如现金存留和应收账款等,其变现能力和流动性强,刺激企业识别低买高卖的市场交易增值机会,提升了企业的新机会识别能力;(2)已吸收冗余内嵌于固定投资和生产流程之中,变现能力弱利用效率低,刺激企业发掘其新用途以解决产能过剩问题,从而提升了企业的资源拼凑能力;(3)企业识别的机会越多,对资源的拼凑活动越频繁,其公司创业绩效越好;且机会识别和资源拼凑在组织冗余与公司创业绩效的正向关系中起到了完全中介的作用。上述结果厘清了组织冗余转化为公司创业的"黑箱"过程,为深入理解冗余与创业的内在连接机理提供了新的理论视角和经验证据。

Whether and how organizational slack drive corporate entrepreneurship have been an important yet unsolved question in strategic research field. From the perspective of endogenous/exogenous opportunity in entrepreneurial process, this paper examines the mediating role of opportunity recognition and creative resource bricolage in the relation between organizational slack and corporate entrepreneurship. Structural equation modeling based on 336 finn-level data collected from Guangdong, Beijing and Hubei during July to October of 2015 indicates that： （ 1 ）unabsorbed slack like cash deposits and accounts receivable, which is quite fluid to buy and sell strategic valued goods, could stimulate firms to identify ＂buy low, sell high＂ market opportunities for value-added transactions and enhance firms＇ ability of recognizing new opportunities;（2 ）absorbed slack embedded in fixed investment and production process, which is stable and is used inefficiently, would spur firms to explore their new uses to solve the problem of overcapacity, thereby improving the ability of resource bricolage; （3）the higher the firm＇s opportunity recognition and resource bricolage, the higher its entrepreneurial performance. Finally, opportunity recognition and resource bricolage play fully mediating role in the relations between organizational slack and corporate entrepreneurship performance. Overall, these empirical results clarify the ＂black box＂ process of transforming organizational slack into corporate entrepreneurship, and provide the new theoretical perspective and empirical evidence for deeply understanding the internal connection mechanism of slack and entrepreneurship.