我国农村老年人体力活动状况及其环境影响因素研究

The Physical Activity Status of Rural Elders and Environmental Factors Analysis in China

了解我国农村老年人体力活动状况及其影响因素,对于提高农村老年人自理能力和减轻养老负担具有重要意义。依据对现有文献资料的分析,基于2011年中国健康与养老追踪调查基线数据,通过广义分层线性模型等数理统计分析方法,讨论了我国农村老年人体力活动状况与其个人特征关系,并重点探讨村庄环境因素对农村老年人体力活动水平的影响。我国农村老年人在自身层次上,年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、自评健康状况、年轻时期自评健康状况、自身活动能力、自评生活水平等与其体力活动水平显著相关;在村庄环境层次上,老年人的居住地类型、村庄道路整洁程度,以及农贸市场是否在本村等与农村老年人体力活动水平显著相关,此外,室外健身场所对农村老年人体力活动水平也有较大统计关联关系。在我国农村地区要推广积极的生活方式,特别应注重加强农村环境对老年人的友好和宜居性建设,从而有效促进老年人积极进行体力活动,提高自身健康水平和生活自理能力。

Using the data from the survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011 ,the World Health Organization Guide of Moderate- Vigorous Physical Activity （WHO- MVPA） were measured on the elders in rural area 6f China. The individual characteristics are still the main factors of older adults of WHO - MVPA. However, environmental factors in rural community can still explain the 18.57% of the variances of MVPA of the elders. In fact,thegender, living arrangement, self - rated living bilities plays the dominant roles, while in the standard, self - rated health status, and walking a- community level, public transportation, fitness and leisure facilities, also statistically associatedfor the elders to meet WHO - MVPA. Hence, focu- sing on the promotion of the active life style, and building a health intervention system,will im- proving the elder＇ s health in rural China, including construction of the elder - friendly commu- nity environment construction to promote physical activities participatingof them