中国古代档案管理中存在明确的档案原件意识——以宋代为中心兼与蒋卫荣先生商榷

The Notion of Original is Clearly Existed in Chinese Ancient Archival Management——Focusing on the Song Dynasty and also Discussing with Mr.JIANG Weirong

通过对宋代相关文献的分析,我们认为:宋代档案原件意识是明确的,在多数场合下都是受到重视和强调的。首先,这一意识表现为宋代档案工作中存在与"原件"相关的名词,这些名词分别是:"元本""正本""底本"及"真本"。其次,这一意识表现为在宋代档案工作中皇命文书和官文书都需按要求保管原件。最后,这一意识表现为档案原件在信息的核验、诉讼和国土争端得以广泛利用并发挥着证据价值。以宋代相关史实为基础,进而我们相信传统档案管理中"档案原件"意识的确立时间应大大早于已有研究者所提出的"近代以后"。

According to the analysis on the relative documents of the Song dynasty,we believe that the no- tion of archival original in the Song dynasty was concrete, and it was specially emphasized in most cases. Firstly,the notion embodied that some words had existed in archival work which were connected with the meaning of the original,those were＂original copy＂, ＂reserved copy＂, ＂master copy＂and＂true copy＂. Secondly, the notion embodied that all the records should be preserved the original in the archives of Song dynasty, including the emperor＇s records and the official records. Lastly, the notion embodied that the records kept in archives were widely used in information examination,in trail and in the conflict of territory. On the basis of all mentioned above,we also make a conclusion that the creating time of the notion of the original should be more earlier than the time which some researcher has put forward ＂modern times later＂.