新西兰基于核心素养的科学课程变革:课程构建、实施路径与挑战

Science Curriculum Reform Based on Key Competencies in New Zealand:Curriculum Construction,Approches of Implementation and Challenges

当前,以核心素养为指导并将其与具体学科内容相结合成为各国推进课程改革的主要方向。新西兰在2007年颁布了基于核心素养的《新西兰课程》,在科学学习领域,强调依托具体知识内容发展学生的核心素养和理解科学、科学探究、科学交流、参与和贡献四大学科素养。在实践中通过学校课程设置、开展探究教学与科学实践项目、加强与校外科学团体合作、探索电子学习环境下的新式学习等路径发展学生的核心素养。然而,由于教师对科学本质的理解不足,基于核心素养的科学教学面临严峻挑战。国家教育学业水平考试(NCEA)对教学的影响逐渐加大,甚至造成了一定的负面影响。

At present, it is the main direction of the curriculum reform in various coun- tries to combine key competencies with the specific subject content. In 2007, New Zealand issued ＂The New Zealand Curriculum＂ based on key competencies.In science learning area, the curriculum objectives emphasize the development of key competencies and the nature of science （comprising of understanding about science, investigating in science, communi- cating in science, participating and contributing） by learning knowledge.In practice, many approaches were developed to develop students＂ key competencies, such as exploring rich and flexible school curriculum, carrying out inquiry teaching and scientific practice, strengthening cooperation with scientific community outside school, exploring new learning ways in the electronic learning environment and so on.However, because of the lack of un- derstanding the nature of science, science teaching and learning based on key competen- cies is facing a severe challenge.NCEA has gradually been an important factor affecting teaching and even has a negative effect on science education.