清代川陕甘毗邻地区的山区开发

Mountain Exploitation of Adjoining Area of Sichuan,Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces in Qing Dynasty

清代是川陕甘毗邻地区的山区开发史上发展速度较快的时期,与前代不同,无论是普通民众还是统治阶层,对于山区的拓殖与开发都呈现出了前所未有的积极姿态。在此期间,由于流民和客民的深度参与,该区域的开发获得了新的驱动力,山地得以大规模的垦殖,粮食产量随之增长,山区特有的经济作物如药材以及特色林木等资源也得到了相应的开发。因此,山区与传统市场之间的联系变得日益紧密,山区的商业与贸易也得以快速发展和繁荣,川陕甘毗邻山区开始逐渐摆脱荒蛮与闭塞,迎来与外部世界的交流与开放。对清代川陕甘毗邻山区基本开发状况的梳理,所得出的结论不仅仅是清代该区域山区开发的相关特征和结果,山区开发过程中暴露出的问题则更加应该引起重视。国家在实施"十三五"规划和西部大开发战略过程中,要把具体规定落到实处,确保山区的资源开发走上一条生态、环保、经济、高效的道路。

The speed of mountain exploitation in the adjoining area of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces was fast in the Qing dynasty. People in different social class presented unprecedented positive attitude towards mountain exploitation, which was different from the previous generations. During this period, large-scale cultiva- tion of mountain, growth in food production as well as the exploitation of mountain-specific economic crops, making mountain closer ties with traditional market, and mountain commerce and trade also achieved rapid development and prosperity. Thus, the adjoining area of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces began moving away from wild and occlusion, ushering in a prosperous and open period. Based mainly on local history and records, this paper discussed the condition to mountain exploitation, and explored the characteristics of the exploitation of mountain areas in the region in the Qing Dynasty. It also provided reference on the development of the western region in China during the period of the thirteenth Five-year plan.