亚利桑那州立大学短跑训练理念的启示与内涵探析

Analysis of the Enlightenment and Connotation of Sprint Training Idea in Arizona State University

亚利桑那州立大学田径队多名运动员入选了里约奥运会美国代表团,竞训水平较高,管理模式先进。通过在亚利桑那州立大学三个月的训练观察、交流与研究,总结了其短跑训练的基本理念,分析训练方法与手段的内涵,旨在凝练部分我国高校田径高水平运动队的可借鉴因素。通过分析发现:其部分准备活动手段与专项技术、专项肌肉收缩特征结合更为紧密;在运动员已经具备较高竞技能力的基础上,一般力量训练的比例仍然较高;核心力量的手段设计与负荷安排模式可以跨专项应用;利用立体化的运动员管理模式解决学训矛盾,提高训练效率。

Through the three months of training observation,exchange and research at Arizona State University,this paper summarizes the basic idea of its sprint training,analyzes the connotation of training methods and means,and concludes that some factors can be drawn from the high level athletic teams.Results show that： part of the warm up activities are more closely related to specific techniques and specific muscle contraction characteristics; when athletes already have a higher competitive performance,general strength training still occupies a big proportion in training; core strength and core stability training design and load arrangement can be used cross different sports; three-dimensional athletes management model are applied to solve the contradiction between learning and training to improve training efficiency.