陕西关中地区猕猴桃施肥现状评价

Fertilization evaluation of kiwifruit in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province

为了解陕西省关中地区猕猴桃施肥现状及农户养分资源投入中存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,对陕西省关中地区4个县(区)2010~2014年的猕猴桃施肥调查数据进行了分析和评价。结果表明:陕西关中地区猕猴桃平均产量为32.2 t·hm^(-2),产量中等农户占64.2%。总氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)养分投入量分别为788、505、516 kg·hm^(-2),其中化肥氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)养分投入量分别为636、418、395 kg·hm^(-2)。根据养分分级,农户施用化肥氮磷钾合理的比例分别为6.3%、12.6%和23.2%,过量比例分别为85.3%、76.9%和47.4%,不足比例分别为8.4%、10.5%和29.5%。陕西关中地区猕猴桃施肥存在的问题主要包括氮肥和磷肥投入过量,钾肥投入过量与不足并存,有机肥投入量不足。今后陕西关中地区猕猴桃施肥的重点是降低氮肥和磷肥的投入,合理施用钾肥,增加有机肥的投入。

In order to understand the current situation of fertilization and nutrient resource input problems of farmers in kiwifruit orchards in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province, and put forward countermeasures to solve the problems, household survey data, which were collected from the project of soil testing and formulated fertilization from 2010 -2014, were used to evaluate the situation. There were totally 4 counties and 95 households. The results showed that in this area, the average yield of ki- wifruit was 32. 2 t ~ hm-2, and the ratio of the households obtained the medium level yield was up to 64.2%. The rates of total N, P205 and K20 were 788, 505, 516 kg ~ hm-2 respectively, and the chemical fertilizer rates of N, P20s and K20 were 636, 418, 395 kg ~ hm＂2 respectively. According to the nutrient fertilization level, the proportion of the households fertilized with rational level of chemical N, P205 and K20 was 6. 3% , 12. 6% and 23.2% , that of the households fertilized with exces- sive level was 85.3% , 76. 9% and 47.4% , and the proportion of the households fertilized with insufficient level occupied 8. 4% , 10. 5% and 29. 5% , respectively. The current situation of household fertilization in kiwifruit in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province is that nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer inputs are excessive, and potassium fertilizer is either excessive or in- sufficient, and organic manure inputs is insufficient. Therefore, decreasing nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer inputs, the rea- sonably applying of potassium fertilizer, increasing organic manure inputs should be concerned for households in Guanzhong re- gion of Shaanxi province.