全膜双垄沟种植模式对晋北盐碱土水盐动态特征的影响

Effects of double furrow with mulching planting pattern on soil water-salt dynamic in saline soil of northern Shanxi

为探索不同种植模式对晋北盐碱土水盐动态特征的影响,采用大田试验,以裸地为对照(CK),研究平作不覆膜(F)、平作覆膜(P)、起垄覆膜(P_r)和全膜双垄沟(P_t)4种模式下对晋北苏打型盐碱土饲草玉米田的水盐纵向动态分布。全膜双垄沟模式保水保墒,其中以0~40 cm土层效果最为明显,土壤含水率较CK、F、P、P_r分别提高30.73%、27.63%、29.05%和19.96%;玉米生育期内全膜双垄沟模式持续抑制根区土壤盐分上移,0~40 cm土层土壤电导率较CK、F、P和P_r分别降低31.30%、31.77%、24.42%和10.47%;40~100 cm土层比CK、F、P和P_r分别降低20.95%、11.61%、7.61%和5.60%;全膜双垄沟模式有效降低0~20 cm表层土壤pH值,但对20~100 cm土壤pH值影响较小;全膜双垄沟模式可有效改善土壤生态环境,促进玉米植株生长发育,其产量比处理F、P和P_r分别提高36.62%、24.56%和10.98%。全膜双垄沟模式可调控根区水盐分布,改善土壤生态环境,促进玉米生长发育,提高作物产量,可作为晋北盐碱地土壤的有效改良措施之一。

In order to explore a more reasonable way of cultivation, the water-salt dynamic under different planting patterns was studied in saline soil of northern Shanxi. Field trials were conducted in forage maize land with five treatments： bare land （CK） as the blank control, fiat film （F）, plastic film mulching （P）, plastic film mulching （Pr） and double furrow （Pt）. Results indicated that Pt pattern had a better water-retaining effect, especially in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer, compared with CK, F, P, Pr treatments, soil moisture of P, treatment increased by 30.73%, 27.63%, 29.05% and 19.96%, respec- tively. The results showed that Pt treatments continuously inhibited soil salt moving up during the period of maize growth. In comparison with CK, F, P, Pr treatments, the soil electrical conductivity value of Pt treatment decreased by 31.30%, 31.77% , 24.42% , 10.47% in 0 -40 cm soil layer, and decreased by 20. 95% , 11.61% , 7. 61% , 5.60% in 40 - 100 cm soil layer. Moreover, pH value was one of the important indexes of saline soil. The results also illustrated that Pt treatment lowered the pH value of 0 -20 cm soil layer, but there was little impact on 20 - 100 cm soil layer. Further, the forage maize yield in P, treatment had higher production. Contrasted to F, P and Pr treatments, the yield increased by 36. 62% , 24. 56% and 10. 98%. It was concluded that Pt pattern had more powerful capacity of holding soil water, effectively inhibited soil salt increasing in the period of maize growth, promoted maize growth and increased forage yield, which could be used as a reasonable planting pattern for saline land of northern Shanxi.