叙事:失独者心理重建的途径

Narrative: A Way of Psychological Reconstruction of Only-child-lost People

受后现代主义思潮影响的叙事范式十分契合失独者的心理需求。叙事理论和叙事疗法的相关技术结合贯穿整个失独者心理重建叙事过程,具体包括引导失独者找出内化的问题故事隐含的文化意义,运用"相关影响力的问话"和隐喻语言外化问题并解构问题故事,通过"想象"和行动重写生命故事。叙事的作用效果体现在失独者快速卸下心理防御、提高人际开放度、提升自我责任感、促进人格的自我整合四个方面。失独者心理重建的叙事应用要注意遵循个体需要的发展规律。

Narrative, influenced by the thought of post-modernism, correspond to the psychological needs. The narrative theory and the technology of narrative therapy run through the process of psychological reconstruction in Only-child-lost people, including leading only-child-lost people to find the underlying cultural meaning of internalized story, using relative influence questioning and metaphor language to deconstruct the trouble stories, following with rewriting life stories with ＂imagination＂ and the action. Base on this, the narrative effect presents from removing the psychological defense quickly, improving interpersonal openness, enhancing self- responsibility and promoting personality self integration. However, we should follow the development of individual needs in the process of psychological reconstruction in Only-child-lost people.