马克思主义绿色发展观与当代中国的绿色发展——兼评环境与发展不相容论

The Marxist Green Development Concept and Green Development in Contemporary China: Comment on Incompatibility Theory between Environment and Development

在中国经济转型进程中,有关中国环境与发展不相容的国内外言论不绝于耳,考验着中国的发展自信。绿色发展理念的提出正是有力地驳斥了这些言论。绿色发展理念以马克思主义绿色发展观为理论源泉。在东西方有关环境保护理论的发展演变的背景中,本文梳理了马克思主义绿色发展观的形成与发展,指出了绿色发展理念的创新内核以及马克思主义绿色发展观对人类绿色发展的理论创新。立足中国长期以来的环境保护实践,文章阐述了中国绿色发展是从思想到行动上对马克思主义绿色发展观的创新发展和对全球环境保护的理论贡献。加快中国绿色发展还应把握好地位、投入、力度、配置、定位等关键问题,确保绿色发展落到实处,展现中国在全球环境保护与绿色转型发展中的样板作用,从根本上回击对绿色发展的质疑,树立中国经济转型的强大自信。

China has stepped to the front of the world economy with 30 years of rapid development. The long-term extensive growth model has not only been overdrafted on a lot of valuable resources and resulted in huge environmental cost, but has also placed huge pressure on sustainable economic development. Economic transformation is a real and pressing issue faced by China, whose processes should account for both economic and environmental interests, coordinate current and long-term interests and promote the harmonious development of mankind and nature. How to transform and in which directions are major theoretical and practical questions that must be answered urgently. However, some Western countries, known collectively as the ＂Green Guard＂, have put forward the so-called ＂China ecological environment threat＂ theory. Some of these Western countries also claim that China is incapable of addressing the relationship between economic development and ecological environment, and put forward the so-called ＂collapse of China＂ theory. In addition, a new liberal ideology has penetrated into our socialist ideology. All of this has had a great impact on the confidence in China＇s economic development. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee brought the important concept of green development forward. Green development is a highly condensed form of the regular understanding of the relationship between humans and nature, and is a major theoretical innovation in the human exploration of sustainable development. It is not only a powerful response to those who doubt China, but also a clear answer to questions about the direction and methods of China＇s economic transformation. Green development inherits and innovates upon Marx＇s green development concept. This paper uses the development of environmental protection theories in the West and East as its background; sorts out the main viewpoints of the formation, development and deepening stages of Marx＇s green development concept; and points out that Marx＇s green development view is actually an inheritance and development of Eastern and Western ecological environment theory. It is an outlook that is opposed to the eapitalist development concept and provides the scientific basis for the green transformation of the world. The green development concept is the outcome of Marxist localization in China. It is the right decision for facing the current developmental challenges in China, and a new extension of the national governance concept that enriches the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The innovative ideas are mainly： （ 1 ） emphasis on consciousness： building national consensus through an ecological civilization; （2） emphasis on system propulsion： implementing the strategy by top- level design; （3） emphasis on total control： promoting structural upgrading by deepening reform; （4） emphasis on technical support： building momentum by innovative drive; and （5） emphasis on open and cooperation： safeguarding ecological security by global action. Green development is a long-term and arduous task. We can break through China＇s green development ceiling by establishing its status in the country＇s economic development, accelerating the factor of commitment protection, strengthening institutional and legal constraints, driving resource optimization configuration and using a global vision basis to demonstrate China＇s role in the development of global environmental protection and green transformation. This paper grasps the innovative kernel of green development and discusses the theoretical innovation of Marx＇s green development concept. It then constructs a theory of China＇s green development combined with its environmental protection situation and reveals related key issues. This not only counters the international doubts about China＇s green development, but also strengthens China＇s confidence in promoting economic development and environmental protection.