阿尔都塞的多元决定论在何种程度上发展了历史唯物主义

To What Extent Does Louis Althusser's Theory of Pluralistic Determinism Develop Historical Materialism?

在马克思主义传播和发展史上,避免对历史唯物主义作机械经济决定论式的误读,始终是把握与发展马克思主义理论的重要课题。为此,阿尔都塞提出多元决定论,试图将经济基础对上层建筑的决定作用与经济、政治、文化等多种因素对历史进程的共同决定作用统一起来。但由于他未能看到经济基础的决定作用体现在我们对宏观历史规律的把握层面,而多因素的多元决定作用体现在我们对具体历史事件的解读层面,因此他把二者的地位等同起来所造成的结果,事实上就否定、消解了在"归根到底"的意义上经济基础的决定性作用,从而使得其理论中经济一元决定和多因素多元决定之间存在着内在矛盾。就此而言,如果说阿尔都塞的多元决定论在某种程度上发展了历史唯物主义的话,那么,这种发展也仅仅意味着,它将是我们真正超越机械经济决定论而回归历史唯物主义真相的中间环节。

In his pluralistic theory Althusser did his best to unite the economic foundation determining the superstructure with the co - determination of economy, politics and culture. In the macro level, he ig- nored the determining role of economic foundation and in the micro level his pluralist theory can play its role. He equaled the two, and in fact he denied the determining role of economic foundation, so there ex- ist contradictions between unary determination and pluralist determination. If we say Althusser＇ s theory pushes historical materialism ahead, it means that it sits in the middle of mechanical deterministic theory of economy and returning to the truth of historical materialism.