太行山文书所见近代冀南豫北农村的普通会社组织

On the Ordinary Social Organizations in the Rural Areas of South Hebei and North Henan from Taihang Mountains Documents

在邯郸学院藏太行山文书中,有三批冀南豫北农村普通会社文书,分别为"涉县杨家山杨国藩钱会文书"、"涉县甘泉村孝社规矩账"和"永年县郝庄天地会账册",这三批文书为各该会社的个案研究提供了第一手资料。涉县杨家山杨国藩钱会是一个以杨国藩为会首的信用合作型会社,其功能主要是开展互助存贷款;涉县甘泉村孝社是专为办丧事成立的特定事务合作型会社,其功能主要是按既定会规办理丧事;永年县郝庄天地会是一个祭祀合作型会社,其功能主要在于组织天地庙祭祀活动,兼具集体互助和自卫。与冀南豫北属于民间秘密社会的红枪会、天门会、黄纱会等组织相比较,普通会社具有规模小、入会仪式简单、缺乏特别突出的首领以及功能单一等特点。在近代冀南豫北农村中普通会社是普遍存在的一种社会组织,在农村生活的某些方面或某种特定的事务中发挥着特殊的纽带作用,成为农村权力网络中一个不可忽视的权力元。

There are three kinds of Taihang Mountains documents in Handan College. Yang Guo - fan Money Organization at Yangjiashan, Shexian County was a popular bank whose function is to deposit and loan. Filial Organization at Ganquan Village, Shexian County was a society for the funeral. Heaven and Earth Organization at Hao Village, Yongnian County was a society to organize sacrificial activities. In ad- dition, this society has such functions as mutual assistance and self - defense. These organizations were small and simple in function compared with secret organizations such as Red Spear Organization, Heaven- ly Gate Organization and so on. However, these organizations played their roles in special things, which were not ignored in the power of rural areas.