社会调查与文化自觉——从中国现代学术建构看费孝通的学术转向

Social Investigation and Cultural Awareness: On Fei Xiaotong's Academic Turn from the View of Modern Chinese Academic Construction

费孝通在学术生涯的早期确立了"学以致用"的研究风格,通过数十年如一日的社会调查追求志在富民的理想。其晚年倡导的"心态研究"和"文化自觉",表面上看与"社会调查"的志趣相异,但从中国现代学术建构的角度看,这种转向实际上是一以贯之地思考中国现代社会学甚至社会科学"何以可能"与"何以可为"的问题。这种思考对理解新时期中国社会学的发展具有启发和借鉴意义。

Fei Xiaotong established his research style in the early days of his academic career. He pur- sued the ideal of enriching the people through decades of social investigation. In his later years, the ＂mentality study＂ and ＂cultural awareness＂ was advocated, which seems different from his interest of so- cial investigation, however, from the perspective of Chinese modern academic construction, this kind of turn is actually a consistent reflection on how Chinese modern sociology even social sciences is possible. It is useful to understand this kind of thinking for discussing the development of Chinese sociology in the new period.