中国汉族中学生2014年与2010年体质健康比较

Compare the physical fitness among Chinese Han students in 2014 with those in 2010

目的探讨中国13~18岁学生2014年体质健康水平和2010—2014年变化情况,为制定中学生体质健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法抽取2010年和2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据中的13~18岁汉族中学生体质健康数据,根据"国家学生体质健康标准"计算综合得分和及格率,采用χ~2检验进行统计学分析。结果 2014年全国13~18岁学生体质健康及格率为83.9%,随年龄增加整体呈现下降趋势;初中组及格率(86.5%)高于高中组(81.3%)(χ~2=531.03,P<0.05);男生体质健康及格率(83.5%)低于女生(84.3%)(χ~2=12.86,P<0.05)。男生体质健康及格率从2010年的85.8%降低至2014年的83.5%(χ~2=110.25,P<0.05);女生从2010年的83.4%上升至2014年的84.3%(χ~2=15.86,P<0.05);城市男生、女生及格率变化幅度分别高于乡村男生、女生。结论 2014年全国13~18岁汉族学生体质健康状况不容乐观,身体素质发育呈现下降趋势。应该采取针对性的干预措施,进一步促进学生体质健康。

Objective To explore the physical fitness level among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014 and physical fitness trend from 2010 to 2014, and to provide scientific reference for making intervention measures to improve students condition of physical fitness. Methods Students aged 13-18 were recruited from database of Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health from 2010 to 2014. The collected data were tested to calculate combined scores and qualified rates based on the National Student Physical Health Standard modified in 2014. And t test and Chi-square test were used in the statistical analysis. Results The qualified rate of Chinese Han students aged 13-18 in 2014 was 83.9%. With the age increasing, the rate showed a downward tendency. The qualified rate of junior school students（86.5%） was higher than that of senior school students（81.3%） （χ^2 = 531.03, P〈0.05）. Boys were revealed with a lower qualified rate（83.5%） than gifts （84.3%）（χ^2= 12.86, P〈0.05）. The qualified rate of boys＂ health reduced from 85.8% in 2010 to 83.5% in 2014（χ^2 = 110.25, P〈0.05）. The qualified rate of girls increased from 83.4% in 2014 to 84.3% in 2014（χ^2 = 15.86, P〈0.05）. The changing trend of urban boys（-3.0%） and girls（1.0%） was higher than that of rural boys（ - 1.6%） and girls（0.8%） respectively. Conclusion Physical fitness of Chinese Han students aged 13-18 in 2014 is not optimistic, and there is a decline in students condition of physical fitness from 2010 to 2014. We should take targeted intervention measures to improve the physical fitness of students.