成都市青少年吸烟饮酒行为现状及其与青春期发动的关系

Effect of advanced puberty timing on smoking and drinking behaviors among teenagers

目的了解成都市青少年吸烟、饮酒现状及与青春期发动的关系,为学校健康促进提供依据。方法整群抽取2015年5月—2016年1月成都市10所中学11~16岁青少年2 484名作为研究对象。通过中国青少年健康行为调查问卷了解青少年吸烟、饮酒现状,通过测量男生睾丸体积和阴毛生长情况,女生乳房和初潮年龄分析青春期提前和延后的情况,以及对对青少年吸烟饮酒产生的影响。结果青少年吸烟、饮酒行为检出率分别为19.89%,32.93%,其中男生分别为25.15%,41.10%,女生分别为14.07%,23.89%。性别及年龄是吸烟和饮酒行为的危险因素(OR吸烟值分别为1.152,1.135;OR饮酒值分别为1.068,1.142,P值均<0.05)。青春期提前的男、女生吸烟、饮酒比例均高于适时组和延后组(χ_(男生)~2值分别为14.311,9.699,χ_(女生)~2值分别为26.640,7.796,P值均<0.01)。结论成都市青少年吸烟和饮酒比例仍较高,并且青春期提前的学生更容易养成吸烟、饮酒等不良嗜好。

Objective To explore the influence of advanced puberty timing on smoking and drinking habits of adolescents, and to provide some guidelines for policies making and school works. Methods A total of 2 484 teenagers from 11 to 16 years old, were selected from May 2015 to January 2016 in 10 middle schools. According to measur boy＇s testicular volume and public hair growth, girls＇s breasts and menarche age youths were divided into early group, timely group and delayed group and were given the self-designed questionnaires. Data between two groups was compared. Results The reporting rate of smoking and alcohol drinking was 19.89% and 32.93%, which was 25.15% and 41.10% for the male and 14.07% and 23.89% for the female. Early group smoking and drinking ratio were significantly higher than other groups（χ^2 = 14.311, P〈0.01; χ^2 = 9.699, P= 0.002; χ^2 = 26.640, P〈 0.01; χ^2= 7.796, P = 0.005）. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking and drinking among adolescents in Chengdu is higher. Youths with advanced puberty timing is more likely to have smoking and drinking habits, which needs attention of educators.